What is a character encoding and why should you care?

Nepal’s ISP Fiber Network Backbone ( Nepal’s National and International Fiber Network Map )

We all use internet or what you call it as WiFi in today’s world. But have anyone raised question or just thought what are the sources of internet in Nepal. Where does it all come from? How does it reach to our home and more precisely to our phones,desktops and laptops??? And yes such questions came to my mind. I hope there may be some guys like me with the same passion. Then this post is for you guys. So to start I did a little research using Google Search Engine, one of the primary steps anyone could choose to start with :-). And that's not a bad idea either. After spending few hours on Google I stumble on a site which was hosting some documents which looked like some kind of presentation or documentaries presented in any conference or something like that. Here I will briefly explain about the backbone of Internet in Nepal.

Brief History of Connectivity Milestones

• 1913 Nepal establishes first telephone exchange in Kathmandu.
• 1914 Open Wire telephone line (Aakas Bani) from Kathmandu to Raxual with India.
• 1964 HF Radio to India and Pakistan to start International Telecom Services.
• 1982 Statellite Earth Station for direct International phone calls.
• 1994 Commercial Email Service started by Mercantile Office System.
• 1995 Launch of Internet by Private Operators, using 64kbps lease lines.
• 1996 Priavte Operators start using VSAT directly.
• 1997 1st optical fiber in Birgunj (Nepal) - Raxual (India) by Nepal Telecom with DOT India.(No Internet).
• 2000 Incumbant Nepal telecom finally starts Internet Service.
• 2007 Internet bandwidth over Optical Link between Nepal and India via Bhairawa(Nepal)- Sunauli(India) by Nepal Telecom.
• 2008 1st Indo-Nepal crossborder connection by Private ISP in Bhairawa (Nepal) - Sunauli (India).
• 2011 1st Nepal-China Optical Link with China by Nepal Telecom via Tatopani - Khasa (Never used).
• 2012 2nd crossborder by Private ISP in Birgunj(Nepal) - Raxhaul(India).

                    Cross Border Points

Major Fiber Backbone and Exits

Further Connections

IP Transit Points

So , they are using wires what they call OPGW and ADSS . So , these wires are basically kept in a National Power Grid Towers … And the same method is also being used in connecting different districts .

OPGW Cable

ADSS Cable

Cable location

And these cables are amazing . A single cable has more than enough Fiber cores to supply a huge amount of bandwidth .

What next ?

   • Capacity is never enough as Internet demand is never gonna reduce, its increasing rapidly with each day passed.

• What/How can we do to compensate the internet demand in Nepal?
• Needs Upgrade, Upgrade and More Upgrade in the Bandwidth.
• Needs to find other best way to bring Internet in Nepal with sound speed and at best affordable charges.
• We = Govt, Regulatory, Service Provider, Vendors, all others should jointly work for it.

Credit goes to source:  https://sanog.org/resources/sanog27/. 

You guys need not to thank me for these information as I have simply shared the info. available in the document above. So instead we need to thank him/her for such a useful and awesome information.